Unveiling the Power of Advanced Photovoltaics: Revolutionary Technologies and Future Prospects
- Himanshu Patni
- June 12, 2023
- BLOG, Energy & Power
- Advanced Photovoltaics, Advanced Photovoltaics Analysis, Advanced Photovoltaics Growth, Advanced Photovoltaics Outlook, Advanced Photovoltaics Share, Advanced Photovoltaics Size, Advanced Photovoltaics Trends
- 0 Comments
A photovoltaic cell also referred as solar cell is a non-mechanical device with the ability to convert sunlight directly into electricity. Photovoltaics are made from semiconductor material, the photons (sunlight) striking the surface of the semiconductor material will either be reflected or absorbed by the semiconductor material, the absorbed photons (sunlight) are converted into the electricity.
Efficiency of converting the sunlight into electricity have been increasing over decades, compared to 10% of efficiency in 1980s, rate of conversion is approaching 20% today with the state-of-the-art modules. In niche markets, such as space satellites, PV cells have achieved 50% of efficiency.
Currently, Solar cells made from III-V single crystal semiconductors are most efficient at converting sunlight into electricity, they are constructed from elements such as gallium and indium. They are much more expensive compared to other technologies. At the moment, photovoltaics cells suffer from high cost of production and efficiency of electricity conversion. Organisations are looking for ways to reduce the production costs associated with the photovoltaics cells and innovative methods to make the technology more practical in use, resulting in development of advanced photovoltaics solutions.
Perovskite is the newest solar material whose crystal structure is ideal for solar absorption. Perovskite cells work better than silicon at lower lighting intensities, in cloudy days, enabling higher conversion rate. Another advantage of Perovskite cells are they can be produced in very thin layer architectures with high level of transparency, providing huge opportunity with regard to creating flexible panel designs. They are comparatively cheaper option and abundantly available enabling to produce low-cost solar power
Market share by Application: photovoltaics market is divided in Utilities, Residential and Commercial segments. In Year 2020, Utilities had the largest market share of 38.2%, during the forecasted period residential application is expected to have the highest growth rate
By Geographical region: Asia pacific is projected to lead the photovoltaic market from 2020-2025, adoption in markets China, India and Japan is fuelling the growth of the market. By 2035, to meet the target of 20% of global energy powered by Solar, new PV module manufacturing capacity must grow at least 5x-10x
Challenges: Lack of operational land is another major challenge for the growth of market other than the high production cost and low absorption or conversion rate of solar radiation. PV systems requires large areas of land, raising concerns regarding land degradation and habitat loss.
Advanced Photovoltaics Technologies
Solar Concentrating Glasses– Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) is a transparent piece of plastic or glass that have characteristic, they can capture sunlight and concentrate it along their edges. LSCs can be used to create transparent surfaces, it can be used in agricultural fields.
Curved Solar Panels– Curved Solar panels are created with the purpose of increasing the amount of solar energy captured and they have been shown to capture sunlight more efficiently than conventional ones on cloudy days
Anti-Reflection Solar Panels– These are anti reflective omnidirectional glasses, facilitating transmission across the entire spectrum at all angles. They harvest solar energy otherwise lost due to reflection.
Application of Advanced Photovoltaics
Agrivoltaic– It has been said that with the help of Agrivoltaic, the global land productivity could increase from anywhere between 35 to 73%. Concept behind Agrivoltaic, is that solar panels and food crops are combined on the same land to maximize the land use. As per research conducted, land productivity is increased by 60% with the use of agro photovoltaics system
Floatovoltaic– Also referred as Floating PV is a new method for the installation of solar panels in water. They could be modular in nature instead of being fixed on the ground and can form large structures maintaining geometric configuration. The efficiency is shown to be 8-10% higher compared to land-based solar panels
PV trackers– Also referred as Solar tracker are devices that follows the sun as the day goes by. With the help of PV trackers solar panels can adjust to follow the path of sun, increasing the efficiency of sunlight absorption
Need of Advanced Photovoltaics
Decades of studies have established that the primary energy production sources have huge impact in environment, being a big contributor to climate change. However, energy consumption cannot be reduced to mitigate these effects on the contrast with the rising developing world, energy consumption is only going to increase.
Every country has set obligations to reduce their dependence on coal to make energy consumption sustainable, the photovoltaics technologies have become very crucial along with other renewable energy solutions. However, at the moment there are few challenges in the adoption of these technologies including high production cost, low conversion efficiency and huge land requirements. Companies are developing innovative solutions to solve these problems and have succeeded on many occasions. Yet, there is a need of continuous advancement in photovoltaics technologies for the widespread implementation of these technologies across different sectors.
Author: Abhishek Saini
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